Skeptics and True Believers :: Free Essay Writer

Skeptics and True Believers In the first chapter, Raymo, opens with talk of his childhood. He brings to the surface the fact that children will believe just about anything they are told. In this chapter Raymo explains how people grow frm children into grown sdluts, peolpe somehow retain some of a child’s ability to believe in the unbelievable. It is the True Believer that retains â€Å"an absolute in some forms of empirically unverifiable make-belive...† (13), wheras the Skeptic always â€Å"keeps a wary eye even on firmly established facts.†(14) For an example, Raymo uses the Shroud of Turin, which simplly a linen cloth that has the likeness of a man on it ( some belive this man to be Christ). He tells of a time when the Roman Catholic authorities allowed scientists to radiocarbon date the Shroud. Small samples of the Shroud where sent with three samples controls of known age, to three independant labs. All three properly dated the controls and dated the Shroud to medieval time. Raymo conclueded that a Skeptic would have taken the evidence and belived it, while the True Beliver would find no truth in what was found. In fact, he said that the True Beliver would come up with explainations as to why the Shroud seems younger than it really is. In the next chapter, Raymo explains the main difference between Skeptics and True Believers is the opposite of what most people would think. He explains how â€Å"scientific concepts can be extraordinarily bizarre...† (27), wheras the True Believer believe what may seem much more sensible and somewhat down to earth. The example Raymo uses for this is DNA and its ability to reproduce itself. This tiny double-helix somehow manages to spilt and make a copy of its self from chemical components from whatever is surrounding it. It may seem easier for one to believe in a Shroud with a man’s face in it, or the picture of God in the Sistine Chapel, but it is the Skeptics who believe in the hard to concieve DNA. It is this DNA that contains the blueprints of what we are to look, talk, and act like. In chapter four, Raymo again brings up his childhood. He tells how he was forced into religion. The Church would not allow doubts to be spoken. For if it where to be questioned the whole religious system may fall apart. The only sources of information were the nuns, priest, and all other authorities that were ‘chosen’ by God.

My life In Hong Kong Essay

Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, had said, â€Å"Ang taong hindi marunong tumingin sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa patutunguhan.†[1]   One must always know how to go back to one’s roots.   The essence of one’s life is greatly reflected by the ability to remember the path taken to get to where one is headed.   One’s achievements are also highlighted by the reflections brought about by the environment that shaped one’s own vision and mission in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At this point in my life, where career opportunities are being shot at me from every direction, indecisiveness slowly creeps in to the corners of my mind:   what do I really want to do?   And one answer always keeps coming up:   I want to change the world.   Clichà ©, yes.   Probably impossible as well.   However, all grand actions in this world began with baby steps.   As for me, this research paper is my very own baby step.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite still being undecided as to what the conclusion to my studies would be, as to what career path I would take, as to which country I would serve, this research paper will aid me in whatever ministry I decide to do. This research paper will lay down the path of understanding diverse professional and career opportunities.   If I decide to enter the corporate world and work under its marketing, sales or any other economics-related division, this research paper will bring about a deeper understanding of the economic policies of Hong Kong – why Chinese products and services are more acceptable to Hong Kong companies, rather than those offered by other countries, especially the United States and Great Britain.   If I do decide to enter a career in the academe, this research will pave the way for a deeper understanding of colonization, state freedom, and shifts in political, economic, social and cultural environments. On a personal level, this paper will help me understand immigrants in a deeper sense.   Just like Hong Kong nationals, immigrants experience a change in environment, and the struggle to balance embracing a brand new culture and holding on to age-old traditions passed from generation to generation. Either way, this research paper will not go to waste as it brought me back to the place that gave birth to my being. It’s been a long time since I’ve lived in Hong Kong.   Many times, I forget what it means to be Chinese – choosing a burger over dumplings and noodles, partying in Times Square on the eve of the new year and yet sleeping through the eve of Chinese New Year, not calling my family during holidays or even just to tell them how I am doing.   Living in a foreign country brings about either one of two things: craving to go back home or completely forgetting what home is like.   This research paper made me go through a journey that I was trying to evade – to remember where I came from. It is not easy to do a paper on a place that had been a part of my life.   And yet the perspective brought into the paper is the perspective of a third person – one who is not a Hong Kong local, Chinese national or British citizen.   This research paper on Hong Kong is done by someone from Hong Kong and yet all information and data are taken in a very objective view in order to report an unbiased analysis.   The need to present all sides of the issue is necessary for a better understanding of the conflict being presented in the paper. And this is what distinguishes this research paper from other research papers. [1] â€Å"A person who does not know how to remember where he came from will never get to where he wants to go.†

Who Is Robert Mueller Special Counsel, FBI Director

Robert S. Mueller III is an American attorney, former criminal prosecutor, and former director of the FBI. He spent decades investigating terrorism and white-collar crimes before being tapped by Republican President George W. Bush to head the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He is currently the Special Counsel for the United States Department of Justice, appointed by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein to investigate Russian interference in the 2016 election. Fast Facts: Robert Mueller Known For: Former Director of the FBI, decorated military veteran, and current Special Counsel appointed to investigate Russian interference in the 2016 electionBorn: August 7, 1944 in New York, New YorkParents Names: Robert Swan Mueller II and Alice Truesdale MuellerEducation: Princeton University (B.A., Politics), New York University (M.A., International Relations), University of Virginia (J.D.)Key Accomplishments: Bronze Star (with valor), Purple Heart Medal, Navy Commendation Medals (with valor), Combat Action Ribbon, South Vietnam Gallantry CrossSpouses Name: Ann Standish Mueller (m. 1966)Childrens Names: Melissa and Cynthia Early Years Robert Mueller was born in New York City on August 7, 1944. He grew up in both Princeton, New Jersey and a wealthy Philadelphia suburb called the Main Line. He is the oldest of five children born to Robert Swan Mueller II, a business executive and former Navy officer, and Alice Truesdale Mueller. Mueller later told a biographer that his father expected his children to live by a strict moral code. Mueller attended an elite prep school in Concord, New Hampshire, then chose to attend Princeton University for college. Princeton played an important role in Muellers life, because the campus—and specifically the lacrosse field—is where he met his friend and teammate David Hackett. Hackett graduated from Princeton in 1965, entered the Marines and was deployed in Vietnam, where he was killed in 1967. Hacketts death had a profound impact on the young Mueller. Speaking in 2013, Mueller said of his teammate: â€Å"One would have thought that the life of a Marine, and David’s death in Vietnam, would argue strongly against following in his footsteps. But many of us saw in him the person we wanted to be, even before his death. He was a leader and a role model on the fields of Princeton. He was a leader and a role model on the fields of battle as well. And a number of his friends and teammates joined the Marine Corps because of him, as did I.† Military Service Mueller joined the military after graduating from Princeton in 1966. He then began active-duty military service in 1967 at the Marine Corps Officer Candidates School at Quantico, Virginia. After training at the Army’s Ranger and Airborne schools, Mueller was sent to Vietnam as a member of H Company, 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines. He was wounded in the leg and reassigned to serve as an aide to a senior officer; he remained in Vietnam, despite his injury, until leaving active duty in 1970. Mueller was awarded the Bronze Star, two Navy Commendation Medals, the Purple Heart and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry. Legal Career During his legal career, Robert Mueller prosecuted Manuel Noriega, the former Panamanian dictator convicted of drug trafficking, money laundering and racketeering, as well as John Gotti, the Gambino family crime boss convicted of racketeering, murder, conspiracy, gambling, obstruction of justice and tax fraud. Mueller also oversaw the investigation into the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which killed 270 people when it exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. A brief timeline of Muellers career is as follows: 1973: Began work as a litigator private practice in San Francisco after his graduation from the University of Virginia with a law degree.1976: Began work as a prosecutor for the U.S. Attorney Office for the Northern District of California in San Francisco.1982: Began work as assistant U.S. attorney in Boston investigating and prosecuting major financial fraud, terrorism and public corruption.1989: Began work as assistant to U.S. Attorney General Richard L. Thornburgh.1990: Began work as the head of the U.S. Department of Justices Criminal Division.1993: Began work in private practice specializing in white-collar crime for the Boston firm Hale and Dorr.1995: Began work as senior homicide litigator in the U.S. Attorney Office for the District of Columbia.1998: Named the U.S. attorney for the Northern District of California.2001: Appointed director of the FBI and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. FBI Director President George W. Bush appointed Mueller to the position of FBI director on September 4, 2001, just seven days before the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Mueller went on to become the longest-serving FBI Director since J. Edgar Hoover, and the first to exceed the statutory 10-year term limit since it was imposed in 1973. Bushs successor, President Barack Obama, granted a rare extension to Muellers term, citing Muellers steady hand and strong leadership as the nation anticipated another terrorist attack. Mueller served until September 4, 2013. He is the only FBI to have been granted such an extension since the term limit went into effect. Ongoing Role as Special Counsel On May 17, 2017, Mueller was appointed to the role of Special Counsel to investigate Russian interference with 2016 presidential election and other matters, according to an order creating the position signed by Deputy Attorney General Rod J. Rosenstein. The investigation is ongoing. Sources .†Robert S. Mueller, III, September 4, 2001- September 4, 2013â€Å" Federal Bureau of Investigation, 3 May 2016.Ruiz, Rebecca R., and Mark Landler. â€Å"Robert Mueller, Former F.B.I. Director, Is Named Special Counsel for Russia Investigation.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 17 May 2017.â€Å"Appointment of Special Counsel.† The United States Department of Justice, 17 May 2017.Graff, Garrett M. â€Å"The Untold Story of Robert Muellers Time in Combat.† Wired, Conde Nast, 7 June 2018.

Boston College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores

Boston College is a private research college with an acceptance rate of 28%. To apply, students must use the  Common Application and complete the BC writing supplement. Boston College has an Early Decision program that can improve admission chances for students who are sure the university is their top choice school. Students with interests in studio art, music, or theater can use Slide Room to  upload files of their visual or performing art to the Common Application. Note that interviews are not part of the Boston College application process.   Considering applying to Boston College? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT of admitted students. Why Boston College? Location: Chestnut Hill, MassachusettsCampus Highlights: Located near dozens of other Boston area colleges, Boston Colleges beautiful campus is distinguished by its attractive Gothic architecture. The Jesuit, Catholic college has a partnership with St. Ignatius Church.Student/Faculty Ratio: 12:1Athletics: The Boston College Eagles compete in the NCAA Division I Atlantic Coast Conference.Highlights: BCs undergraduate business program is strong, and the school was awarded a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa for its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences. The university ranks among the nations top Catholic universities. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 academic admissions cycle, Boston College had an acceptance rate of 28%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 28 students were admitted, making Boston Colleges admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 31,084 Percent Admitted 28% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 27% SAT Scores and Requirements Boston College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 60% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th percentile 75th percentile ERW 650 720 Math 670 770 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Boston Colleges admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Boston College scored between 650 and 720, while 25% scored below 650 and 25% scored above 720. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 670 and 770, while 25% scored below 670 and 25% scored above 770. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1490 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Boston College. Requirements Boston College does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Boston College participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT dates. At BC, SAT Subject tests are optional. ACT Scores and Requirements Boston College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 56% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th percentile 75 percentile English 31 35 Math 28 33 Composite 31 34 This admissions data tells us that most of Boston Colleges admitted students fall within the top 5% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Boston College received a composite ACT score between 31 and 34, while 25% scored above 34 and 25% scored below 31. Requirements Boston College does not require the ACT writing section. Note that BC participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will combine your highest score from each individual subtest across all ACT dates. GPA Boston College does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Boston College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. ​The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Boston College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances One of the countrys top Catholic universities,  Boston College has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. Boston College, like nearly all highly selective colleges and universities, has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside of Boston Colleges average range. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Boston College Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Health Care Issues Radiation Exposure and Acute Radiation...

Running Head: Health Care Issue Health Care Issue With the advancement of technology, medical sciences have also reaped benefits out of the advanced and systematic techniques and methods for treatment. One such advancement comes in from radiation development and treatment for a number of diseases that were difficult to diagnose and present a treatment. Radiation therapy has been discovered to be the most effective treatment of cancers and is known to be the most viable and frequently used treatment method for cancerous cells in human body. There are three types of treatments used with radiation namely External beam radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy and Radioisotope therapy. Radioisotope therapy makes use of transmitting isotopes in the bloodstream to target the treating cells in human body. Internal radiation therapy or Brach therapy places the radiation directly to eliminate the cancerous tumors (Khan, 2010). The advantage in this type of therapy is that it is kept from other healthy cells as minimal as it could be. The external beam radiation uses X-ray images to help diagnose the symptoms and treat outwards through medications. The uses are not limited to treating cancerous cells but also the radiations are used to make diagnosis in human body by presenting clear images of internal organs and cellular systems. These are the long lasting benefits of radiation usage however; it implies number of health hazards, which are causing severe health problems on theShow MoreRelatedNuclear Accidents On The International Nuclear And Radiological Event Scale1951 Words   |  8 Pagesaccidents whether they can be called as minor difficulties or fully deserve their place among the worst man-made disasters humanity has ever experienced, they had various catastrophic impacts on human and environments. Each nuclear accident poses serious acute and chronic risks towards the immediate environments and chronic risk over a wider geographic area. Furthermore, the radioactive contamination such as plutonium, uranium, strontium, caesium and benzene have the ability to pose a long-lived threat withRead MorePrevention And Treatment Of Cancer Treatment2653 Words   |  11 Pagesa higher survival rate, the treatment may do long term damage to their bodies. This leads to the necessity of life long care for the child. Carcinomas are cancers that start from epithelial tissues and these tissues are those that line various organs and make up our skin. The majority of human cancers are carcinomas; ‘Layers are worn by the passage of food and waste or exposure to the elements, outer layers are constantly dying so the cells beneath must form replacements’.GeorgeJohnson. 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In 2015, Centre for Health Protection ( CHP) reported around 5,000 notification cases and approximately 170 deaths in Hong Kong on TB, including Chinese immigrants (2016). One TB patient would be found in everyRead MoreOccupational Health Safety2324 Words   |  10 PagesInstitutional Frameworks The Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Act sets out the laws about health and safety requirements affecting workplaces, work activities and the use of plant and substances. Besides that, the OHS Act is an essential framework in the workplace to cultivate good safety habits in all individuals so as to stimulate a strong safety culture in the workplace. The Act establishes a framework for people by preventing or minimising their exposure to risk. 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Blood pressure screenings to identify persons with high blood pressure. C. Breast self-examination (BSE) for young women instead of a mammogram. D. Home care monitoring for clients who are high-risk due to pregnancy. Primary prevention involves health promotion and diseaseRead MoreDental Treatment Planning For Patients Using Cannabis4431 Words   |  18 PagesDental Treatment Planning Considerations in Patients Using Cannabis Sarah E. Grafton1, Alexandre R Vieira2 1. Department of Comprehensive Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine 2. Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine ABSTRACT Background and Overview. There is a deficit in clinical research on the potential risks involved in treating dental patients using cannabis, either for medicinal or recreational purposes. The aim of this case reportRead MoreMaagang Pagbubuntis Ng Mga Kabataan9395 Words   |  38 PagesADVERSELY AFFECTS THE FERTILIZED OVUM, EMBRYO, OR FETUS.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   EFFECTS OF TERATOGENS ON A FETUS: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  depends on the: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  strength of the teratogen ï‚ §Ã¯â€š  Ã¯â€š  Ã‚  ex. Radiation – in small amount sun rays it causes no damage, but in large amount like in cancer treatment, serious fetal defects or death can occur. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  timing of teratogen ï‚ §Ã¯â€š  Ã¯â€š  before implantation = zygote is aborted or is unaffected ï‚ §Ã¯â€š  Ã¯â€š  organogenesis – vulnerable

Accounting Systems And Business Strategy -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Accounting Systems And Business Strategy? Answer: Introduction: In this report, a case of Hawthorn Leisure Works (HLW) has been evaluated to measure the total cash inflows of the company according to the present plan of the club and the cash inflows according to the future plan of the club. New plan explain that the few changes in the fee structure of the club would make a change in the total cash inflow of the company. Following is the detail of the case: Total members 2000 Individual $ 45 Student $ 30 Family $ 100 10 courts each club Hourly court fees $ 8 $ 12 Peak season: Time 12 Hours a day Capacity (Peak Season) 90% 100% (5 pm to 9 pm) 181 days (Oct to April) 50% 60% (9 am to 4 pm) Off Season 20% 40% New plan (Annual fees :) Individual $ 300 50% are individual (individual + student) Family $ 500 50% are family Promotional Campaign Individual $ 250 Family $ 450 The above table explain about the new and present plan of the company. Improvement in the fee structure: The club has made a new plan to make few changes into the total cash inflow of the company. Below given table express that how much cash inflow of the company is, according to the present fee structure of the company: Present cash flow estimations of the company Total number Cash Inflow Revenue: Members 2000 Individual 500 $ 22,500 Family 1000 $ 1,00,000 Student 500 $ 15,000 Off Season $ 52,99,200 Peak Season $ 3,88,06,400 Total cash inflow $ 4,42,43,100 (Davies and Crawford, 2011) The above table expresses that the present fee saturate of the company would help the company to earn $ 4,42,43,100 per year. In addition, the new plan fess structure and the cash inflow calculations are as follows: Future cash flow estimations of the company Total number Cash Inflow Revenue: Members 900 Individual $ 1,35,000 Family $ 2,25,000 Promotional Campaign 500 Individual $ 62,500 Family $ 1,12,500 Total cash inflow $ 3,60,000 The table depict that if the company would adopt the new fees structure than the total cash inflow of the company would be $ 3,60,000. It explains that the present fee saturate of the company would help the company to earn $ 4,42,43,100 per year and new fees structure than the total cash inflow of the company would be $ 3,60,000. That means, the cash inflow position of present fee structure is far better than the planned fee structure as in the new plan, hourly fee could not be get by the company and it is the biggest source of the cash inflow of the company (Horngren et al, 2005). Assumptions: According to the new plan, following cash inflow of the company would be: Future cash flow estimations of the company Total number Cash Inflow Revenue: Members 900 Individual $ 1,35,000 Family $ 2,25,000 Promotional Campaign 500 Individual $ 62,500 Family $ 1,12,500 It expresses that the cash has been generated on 1st Oct only and it has been assumed that the amount o promotional campaign would be taken by the company on 1st Oct only (Kaplan and Atkinson, 2015). Evaluation: According to the calculations and the evaluation, the present fee saturate of the company would help the company to earn $ 4,42,43,100 per year and new fees structure than the total cash inflow of the company would be $ 3,60,000. That means, the cash inflow position of present fee structure is far better than the planned fee structure as in the new plan, hourly fee could not be get by the company and it is the biggest source of the cash inflow of the company (Macintosh and Quattrone, 2010). Conclusion: To conclude, the cash inflow position of present fee structure is far better than the planned fee structure. Company should not go for any new plan and must continue with the current fee structure. References: Atrill, P. and McLaney, E.J., 2006.Accounting and Finance for Non-specialists. Pearson Education. Bromwich, M. and Bhimani, A., 2005.Management accounting: Pathways to progress. Cima publishing. Davies, T. and Crawford, I., 2011.Business accounting and finance. Pearson. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Stratton, W.O., Burgstahler, D. and Schatzberg, J., 2005.Introduction to management accounting. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Macintosh, N.B. and Quattrone, P., 2010.Management accounting and control systems: An organizational and sociological approach. John Wiley Sons. Ross, S, A,. Westerfield, R, W,. and Jaffe, J,.2007. Corporate Finance, India, the McGraw-hill. Schlichting, T. 2013. Fundamental Analysis, Behavioral Finance and Technical Analysis on the Stock Market. GRIN Verlag. Simons, R., 2007. Accounting control systems and business strategy: an empirical analysis.Accounting, Organizations and Society,12(4), pp.357-374. Ward, K., 2012.Strategic management accounting. Routledge. Weaver, S.C., Weston, J.F. and Weaver, S., 2001.Finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers. New York: McGraw-Hill. Weston, J.F. and Brigham, E.F., 2015.Managerial finance. Hinsdale, IL: Dryden Press. Zimmerman, J.L. and Yahya-Zadeh, M., 2011. Accounting for decision making and control.Issues in Accounting Education,26(1), pp.258-259.

Male Domination In Othello Essay Example

Male Domination In Othello Paper Male domination in society is a stigma, which has always existed, and one that may not cease to exist. However, the difference does exist in the way the women of the different ages chose to accept such behaviour and render themselves victims of such circumstance. In relation to the Elizabethan period, and having the characters of Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca in mind it can be true to say it may have been harder for them not to accept it than it is today. In reality, it was not even noticed by some of the women and for the few who noticed it, they could do nothing more than accepting it as their fate and trying to live with it. In discussing the victimisation of the above named women in this male dominated society, both sides of the argument for each character would be explored with emphasis on their individual struggles for independence. The fair warrior Desdemona as referred to by her husband Othello undoubtedly struggles throughout the play. From her struggle for independence from her father Brabantio, to the struggle for her life from her husband Othello. Shakespeare seems to deceive the audience to think that Desdemona may be one of his unique female characters who fight for the rights of women. However, this power which we see her possess at the beginning of the play as she tells her father that she did love the moor to live with him, to the ones which has been endowed on her as she is referred to as the general gradually fades away. The first indication of Desdemonas victimisation in this male dominated society is evident when Iago refers to her body as if it was the property of Brabantio. He says to him your heart is burst, you have lost half your soul, even now, now, very now an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. We will write a custom essay sample on Male Domination In Othello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Male Domination In Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Male Domination In Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This signifies that in the Elizabethan society, Brabantio like other fathers considered Desdemonas body and life to be their full possession. Furthermore, the use of an animal imagery to describe her white ewe does not only reflect Iagos underestimation of human nature but the degradation of women in the society by men. This is clearly the case for the fact that he could say it while talking to her father. Desdemona on the other hand, like almost every other woman in the Elizabethan period seems to have accepted the convention that women are inferior to men and are the properties of either her father or husband. This is shown when she says I do perceive here a divided duty. I am hitherto your daughter. But heres my husband. The audience would initially admire her bravery towards her father, but after getting a deeper understanding of the plot, it becomes evident that her marriage to Othello was not a sign of freedom but rather a change from one dominator to another. Desdemonas suffering and humiliation in Cyprus is deeply rooted in the villainous actions of another man called Iago. Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona is making him a cuckold by sleeping with Cassio. She suffers from this false accusation because it is a world dominated by men. It is possible that Othello takes Iagos words over that of Desdemona not because he is truly convinced that she is unfaithful, but because it is a word of a man over that of a woman. Desdemona just like Hero in the play Much Ado about Nothing shows total submissiveness even at the point of death. Even after receiving a very undeserving slap from Othello in public, all she says is I will not stay to offend you. At this point, the women in the audience may feel more embarrassed and less sympathetic at the timidity of Desdemona. Desdemona voices out her pains through the willow song that she narrates to Emilia. Her reference to her mothers maid called Barbary who died singing it signifies not just her own pain and suffering but one that has been passed down from generation to generation. Regardless of Desdemonas eventual defeat as she dies in the hands of Othello, she does deserve some credit for some of her few acts of bravery. Her rebellion against her father is an act that may not have been very common during the Elizabethan period because the fathers had the right to discipline them when they deemed it fit and virtually had power over them. She did not only get married out of her fathers will but she married an African. This would have been extremely rare especially for someone of her social class. Finally, as she passes out her last response to Emilia when being asked who killed her I myself shows her refusal to accept to be a victim of this male dominated society. Emilia is used by Shakespeare to balance the contrast between the other victims of this male dominance. That is, Desdemona the very chaste one and Bianca the prostitute. Emilia is one character who is not just a victim of this male dominated society but is clearly aware of her position. This is shown clearly in her relationship and attitude towards her husband Iago and her conversation with Desdemona. Emilias marriage is one we see to lack some of the main components of holy matrimony, as Iago is neither protective nor loving to her. The few dialogues that she has with Iago are filled with scorn and insults. He says to her it is a common thing to have a foolish wife, This shows the standards which the men gave their wives. The use of Emilia by Iago as an instrument for destroying Desdemonas marriage and eventually her death is the peak of her victimisation. This is because it is one thing that she would do anything to stop. Her desperation for attention and affection from Iago may have pushed her to act blindly. On stealing the handkerchief, she says my wayward husband hath a hundred times wooed me to steal it. I know nothing than to please his fantasy Her language is usually in an angry tone and underneath it lies her regret at marriage and all the insults that come with it. In response to Othellos maltreatment of Desdemona she says I will be hanged if some eternal villain, some busy and insinuating rogue, some cogging, cozening slave to get some office have not devised this slander. It seems like she finds it acceptable for her to be victimised but not an in innocent and self-sacrificing person like Desdemona. Like Beatrice in Shakespeares Much Ado about nothing, Emilia justifies the case for the women who are involved in extra marital affairs. This is clearly shown in her speech while discussing with Desdemona. Critics have called this speech the renaissance plea to womens liberation. In this speech, she says it is the husbands fault that their wives cheat on them. She systematically points out each of the things which the women have to go through. From when husbands slack their duties by pouring our treasures in foreign laps, break out in peevish jealousies, throwing restraint upon us or when they strike us. This feminine speech is like a cry out for all women and one can imagine the relief and pleasure, which it would have given the women in the audience. Through this Shakespeare shows empathy for the women. He also indirectly cautions the men in the audience and tells them that the women have as much reason as they do to cheat on them. It is no mistake that Emilia , like her mistress is killed by her husband. Shakespeare emphasises the point that they are victims of this male dominated society by juxtaposing their deaths. Prior to Emilias death, she ensures that she speaks defends Desdemonas chastity and regains her dignity by exposing Cassio to Othello. She says I will speak as liberal as the north;let Heaven and the men and devils, let them all cry shame against me yet I will speak. The use of the word men just between Heaven and devil suggests that some of the men like Cassio and lodovico may possess heaven like characters while others like Iago and Othello may act devilish. Bianca seems to be less of a less of a victim in this society if compared to Emilia and Desdemona. At the end of the plot, she is the last woman standing and the chances are that her status would be elevated in the society if all goes well in her relationship with Cassio. Although it can be said that her profession gives her more insults than Emilia and Desdemona would have ever received. However, it would be unfair to assume that it would be a womans desire to sell her body and dignity for money. For this reason, we can say that she is forced into this circumstance. In a society where men saw women as nothing more than instruments of satisfying their bodily pleasures, prostitution was one of the very desperate measures which the very less privileged women would have to take up. This generates insults not only from the men but also from her fellow woman. Emilia says to her O fie upon thee strumpet! Her reply to this statement gains the sympathy of the audience as it indicates her struggle to be tagged as something beyond what she does. She says to her I am no strumpet, but of life as honest as you that thus abuse me. On a deeper note, this may also be a confirmation of Iagos suspicion that Emilia may have had an affair with Othello. Bianca also has her time of rebellion when she tells Cassio if youll come to supper tonight,you may;if you will not, come when you are next prepared for. In this statement, she shows that she perceives a little power left in her possession regardless of how she is looked at in the society. Cassios exit to run after her emphasises this point. And this may cause the audience to look at her with a little more respect. Ultimately, Shakespeare exposes the circumstances which the women in the Elizabethan period faces and also presents it in a way which shows his opposition to it. Furthermore, his use of these three characters who are of different social standings illustrates that no woman was free from being victimised in this male dominated society.